Internal-combustion engine.



M C INDAHL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICAHON mu) MAY 24. 1912.

1, 141,71 1 Patented June 1, 1915.

5 SHEETSSHEET 3 u ueutoz lm/114mm. W

M. C. INDAHL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICAHON mu) MAYA I812.

1,141,71 l lzlmltod Juno 1, 1915,

5 suurs snin 2.

M C. INDAHL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICAIION HLEU MAv'Z4. 1912,

1,141,71 1 lntvntml Juno 1, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

\%W@ W as M. C. INDAHL.

imcnted June 1, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

lllllilll l.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE,

APPLICATION mu) MAY ZNNV AMQMHV UNITED seems PATENT OFZETICE Hermie): 0. mum, 'ee-Pmmmeine, mivnsvivxm INTEIRH'AfL-COMBUSTION ENGIKE.

-Be it known time I, M me C. I'NpArrL, a citizen Of the U'liited States, and resident ofPhiladelp'hia', in the bounty of Philadelphia and State Of ifemisylv'anie, have inve'nfie'd certain new and nseiu'l Improve merits in Intemal-Cdmbfistion Engines: and I do hereby dec'ia're the" following t he a full, clear, and Much description if the same, 're'feren'ee being had t6 the aecdm anying drawings, forniing pa'rt of this s'pe'cificfiti0n,:'1ndb0 the figures and letters of referei'iee ina'rke'd thereon.

This invention relates to internal '(Sdim bustion engines and 'rn'bre espe'eiai'lfi 5O Che mechanism for controiling the inlet and dis charge (if the gases, the Objects of the inventien being to provide a 'eo'nst 'dct'i' n which may be efieetive'ly balanced 156th Wi'th i-e s 'edc 0 the movement '01: the 'rot'ar'y end Other m'evabie parts, and with t0 the iesure exerted on the moving parts awing the compression and 'ekplosion cycles.

Other objects 0% the invention are to previde a simple and .competet arrangement.

readily i 'd'ssibie for repair and ii'it'n which the 'frietion and wear on the valve ine'ehw nism will be redueed to a minimum. I

Another object (ii the invention is to provide a valve mechanism. embodying a roifary cyiindrieal valve with p'aekihg members for 006 er'etiontherewith to prevent leakage, sai ecking ritembersbein'g' held in WOik ing contact with the valve by pressure within theeylinder, whereby the employment of springs may be avoided.

Referring to the accompanying drawings,Fi'g\1'i'e 1 is a side eie'vabio'n more or less 'd-iagra'm'rneiti'c in chaiacter, showing the cylinders and some por' tibn's of a four-eylin der engine 'elnbodying the present improvexnengs; Fig. 2 is an end e'iev'ation with seine of the parts illu'sttafied diagrammatically and in dotted lines; Fig. 3 is a detail section ina verti'cal longitudinal piaiiethiough two of the cylinders and throii'gh the 'vaive chaniber', the valve itself, however, being omitted, wg ther with a. pfcking member over one of the cylinders; Fig. 4: is 'a detail sectionin A heri'zlont'al pizi'ne through the valve and one side of the Cylinder head showing the preferred arran' eiiieilt of in- Jake and exhaust passages an ports; Fig. 5

diagrammatic plan showing the M is a ran'g'eln'en't of we 'r'ts and chambers in the valve for controlling the admission and ex- In the enaine il histi"a I 5nd is 6f l ,f y separate um& and (some in th'e tisiml e finder (testing is indieated "fier-. any in 1 'by The Teeter and 'aioli d the in :et en'l-alrgeinerfit A, es usual The work; in'g chambers of fee ind'e'r's are indicated inFigs s and 13-53"; nere eiqnee letter B and iron-i mee- 1W6 of. the drawing it win he nofied nee each eylinder at its up per end merges into-two ou't'wardly and up,

wardi'y extending passages K3, said assages being on 915' osite sides of the medis'mflgge '1 of the e lin eis and a't their up er en wells efbh'e passages are pidwi ed wardi'y faeing 'erts or passages C. Skid poi-es er passages C are waited at diametricai'ly h m-site oints a d facing men ether, me me sp'aded ilpfifi, a memewhen-w n akiniit bf the valve together with the packing memhe'rs being lee-med dir'e'etlj' between them an'd immediate above the w'drkin'g the e mber wween e eseage U fob-the redefitioii OT "the fvaive the pa king: be'ks for wiper-seen therewith, the head the is pr feifiibly divided in onai mane so as to provide eennedting flan es D D Whiehpn'dne side Of the-engine are el'dw the ports and on the side 0'15 the engine, a We said ports. j "-his ma'tion of "a amber having a eentmi cylindric'ai portion and sidep'orti'dns Which Are in the form of longitudinal channels with vertical side wens E andhoii'zon taltep and bot'tem walls E, the division 101' arting line,

extending diagonally frd'm the uiiper corner of one channel and fliehn'e'r corner of the opposite channel, as best seen in Figs. 6 and 7 of the drawing. 7

The cylinders are preferably arranged in pairs, the first and second cylinders and and at a point betwii the two pairs of cylinders, ports andpassages are formed to carry away the burnt products of combustion, said ports andpassages being the exhaust ports and passages and are indicated in Fig. 4: by the reference letter G. They communicate with the exhaust manifold G,

- tween these-sprocket whee 5' one, whereby the valve will b rotated one outer portions only oj'the members, as shown Fig. 1, for leading theburned gases away to any suitable discharge.

he cylindrical Valveindicatcdi-generally by the letter Hfiisigffhaled in bearings I at each end of the d casting and is preferably supported in said hearings with a clearance between the walls'hgf "the chamber -and the periphery of thervalve sufiicient to prevent any friction. 0 ntact and to. permit of such distortion evalve as will occur through unequal This valve extends throughout the w length oftlie head casting and at one end itsv shaft is rovided with a drive'wheel 1 Fig. ,1, pre erably a sprocket wheel over which' a silent chain, indicated by 1, passes from a smaller sprocket wheel, indicated at I in Fi 2 the ratio be I i n complete revolution in four revolutions of the crank shaft, although it will be understood that with a different arran ement of ports and passages in-the valve rom that about to be described, thelratio of rotation would he correspondinglychanged.

For preventing leakage between the movable and fixed ports packing members are introduced in the valve chamber on dis. metrically opposite sides of the valve in the rectangular. spaces or channels before revferred to. These packing members are referably blocks-K rectangular in vertica section parallel with the axis of the valve, but having concave or. semi-cylindrical faces is which bear" against andform substantially gas tight joints with the periphery of the valve. The packing members are somewhat loosely supported in position in the valve chamber \thus, there is preferably provided a clearance at along their topand bottom faces, the supporting bearings being at the at 705 Each packmg'member K is provided in its concave face withan elongated port k, Fig; 3, and in its rear face with two circular' apertures corresponding. to similar apertures @municating with; the ports or ing four to,

passages C, F, or G. Said circular aper tures are adapted to receive cylindrical packing rings L forming the passages through which the gases flow. as will be readily understoodl By providing two cylindrical passages with superposed cylindrical packing rings therein, not only is the flow of gas not obstructed, but the packing members themselves will be held with a certain degree of freedom and each may adjust itself to conform to any slight irregularities or distortions of the cylindrical valve, such as are liable to be caused by the variations in temperature to which the valve is subjected or b wear. Thevalve is provided with sets 0 ports and passages for o ening communication between the ports 0 a set whereby each cylinder will, at the proper time, be first put into communication with:

the intake passage, between the pair of cylinders and then after the-compression and explosion strokes will be put into communication with the exhaust passage on the outer side of the pair of cylinders, Each cylinder' is put into communication with the proper G simu aneously, thus afiording a very free 1passage through both of the ports' and unobstructed entry and exit for the and by reason of. the ports and pas-I sages, together with the packing members being located on diametrically opposite sides a of the valvc all pressures are balanced in their effect on the valve and a practically complete and highly effective scavenging anda uniform supply of combustible will be effected. As illustrated in the drawings, the preferred type of valve is built up of a series of sections mounted on a central shaft,

the division line between'thesections being indicated at h in Fig. 4: and said valve is provided with two diametrically oppositely arranged-exhaust ports H at the ends 'for the two end cylinders, and with'four exhaust ports H, H3, atthecenter for the two intermediate cylinders, respectively. in a median plane between the cylinders of each pair it is provided with four intake ports- Y H, H, two for each of the respeetive cylinders of a pair. 111 the (plane of each cylinder the valve is provide with four cylinder ports H, H, the ports H being adapted to register simultaneously withthe oppositel disposed ports in the packing members for opening communication with the intake ports H and the ports H to register simultaneously with the ports in the packing members K for opening communication with the exhaust ports H, H or H as the case may be, all as willbe readily understood from the development of the valve illustrated in Fig. 5.

The communicating passages between the ports in the valve are formed by radial walls It, best seen in Figs.- 6, 7, and 8, and

the outlines of which are shown in the deiao' velopment in Fig. 5, but it will be understood that these ports and passages may be formed in any suitable manner, although it is preferred that the valve should present an unbroken periphery in the plane of the division lines between the packing members so as to avoid any escape of gases between said members.

The head casting containing the valve chamber and passages before described, it willbe understood from Figs. 3, 6 and 7, is provided with a water chamber formed as a part of the water jacket and the Water may be Withdrawn from said chamber at the top through a water circulating connection N and supplied to the lower portion of the Walter jacket through a tap hole such as is ordinarily employed.

The igniting mechanism, such, for instance, as the dual spark plugs are pref- 'erably located with their terminals in the cylinder passages where the will be effectually cleaned by the ases owing past the same and will invaria ly be in a position to ignite a pure portion of the char e which is taken into the cylinder during t e inspiration stroke.

In operation, the valve is rotated one half turn during each two revolutions of the crank shaft. It will present the proper ports for opening communication between the intake and both ports of the cylinder simultaneously during the inspiration stroke, all ports will be closed completely during the compression and explosion strokes and both cylinder ports will be opened to the exhaust ports and passages simultaneously during the exhaust stroke. These operations are repeated during the succeeding half turn of the valve, and the order in which the explosions occur is, with the an rangclnents shown, first in the left hand ,cylinder of Figs. 3, i and 5 then in the third cylinder, then in the fourth cylinder and finally in the second cylinder. in other words, the order is 1, 3, 4, 2 and so on. The packing members are held up in Working Contact with the valve by the prcssure exerted by the gases tending to pass through them into the valve, and owing to the large area of their contact faces with the valve, the pressure will always be sulficlent to maintam a proper engagement, al-' though if so desired, the cylindrical packing ring may be spring rings tclescoped or conccntricall y arranged one within another and slightly tapered so as to exert a tcndencv to advance the packing members into drical valve having corresponding mde.

pendent oppositely disposed sets of inlet ports in its cylindrical wall and passages connecting the ports of each set and corresponding independent oppositely disposed sets of exhaust ports in its cylindrical wall and passages connecting the ports of each set, a cylinder having oppositely disposed ports in position to register simultaneously each with one port of the corresponding oppositely disposed ports of each set in the valve and inlet and exhaust passages having ports for registering respectively with the other port of each set and through which motive fluid is comiluctcd to and the burned gases away from the valve.

2. In an explosive engine, the combination with a cylinder having ports arranged diametrically opposite to and facing each other, of a rotary cylindrical valve mounted between the ports on a'h axis intersecting the axis of the ports, said valve having llresponding independent oppositely disposed sets of inlet ports and passages connccting the ports of each set and correspending independent oppositely disposed sets of exhaust ports and passages connecting the ports of each set, said cylinder ports and one of the ports of each set of valve ports being in the same vertical plane, and inlet and exhaust passages having ports in position to register res 'iectively with the other ports of the sets and through which motive fluid is conducted to and the burned gases away from the valve.

3. In an explosive engine, the combination with a cylinder having oppositely branching passages at its upper end terminating in oppositely disposed ports facing each other, of a rotary cylindrical valve mounted between said ports on an axis at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, said valve having diametrically opposite inlet ports and diametrically opposite exhaust ports for successively establishing communication simultaneously with the said cylinder ports, and independent inlet and exhaust ports in the cylindrical wall of the valve on opposite sides of the first mentioned valve ports but in communication therewith and ported supply and exhaust duets with which they register successively.

4. In an explosive engine, the combination with a cylinder having oppositely branching assages at its upper ends terminating in diametrically opposite ports facing each other, a valve chamber intermediate said ports with its axis at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, and a water chamber surrounding said valve chamber, of a cylindrical valve mounted in said valve chamber and having diametrically opposite ports for registering simultaneously with the cylinder ports, said valve also having inlet and exhaust ports in its cylindrical wall and in transverse planes on opposite sides of said first mentioned ports and inlet and exhaust ports and passages through which motive fluid is supplied to and the burned gases conducted away from the valve positioned to eriodicallyregister with the last mentioned valve ports.

5. In an ex losive engine, the combination with a cylin er having oppositely branching passages terminating in oppositely disposed ports facing each other, and inlet and exhaust passages each having oppositely dis osed ports facing each other, said inlet an; exhaust ports being located in different planes on opposite sides of the axis of the cylinder, of a rotary cylindrical valve having diametrically opposite ports for registering with the cylinder ports, inlet ports and exhaust ports respectively in the planes of the said passage ports, and inde endent passages within said valve for esta lishing communication between the inlet ports on each side of the valve and exhaust ports on each side of the valve.

, 6. In a multiple. cylinder ex losive englue, .the cmnbination with a purality of cylinders arranged in a line, side by side, a cylindrical gt'alve chamber located above and with its axi's intersepting the axis of all the cylinders, cache-cylinder having oppositely disposed upwardly extending passages terminating in ports on diametrically opposite sides of the valve chamber, intake passages with diametrically oppositely disposed ports in planes intermediate alternate pairs of cylinders, and exhaust passages having diametrically opposite exhaust ports located in planes on the opposite sides of the cylinders from the inlet ports, of a rotary valve hav ing oppositely disposed inlet ports and oppositely disposed exhaust ports for registermg with the cylinder ports simultaneously, and oppositely disposed inlet ports located in the planes of the intake ports for registering with the corresponding ports of the valve chamber and oppositely disposed exhaust ports for registerin with the corresponding exhaust ports 0 the valve chamber, the inlet ports and exhaust ports of the valve for each cylinder being in communication with the corresponding port on the same side of the valve.

7. In an explosive engine, the combination with a cylinder having a port communicating therewith and a rotary cylindrical valve, of a packing block having a port therein for establishing communication between the cylinder port and valve port, a nd a cylindrical packing ring bridgm the 10ml; between the packing .block on cylinder head.

8'. In an ex losive engine, the combination with a cylinder, cylinder head and cylindrical valve chamber in the cylinder head, of a cylindrical valve mounted in said valve chamber, a ported packing block havchamber havingl ing a cylindrical face for cooperation with the valve, and a cylindrical packing ring extending partly into the packing block and partly into the cylinder head, said 0 lindrical packing ring forming a part of t e communicating passage between the cylinder and valve.

9. In an explosive engine, the combi'na tion with the cylinder and cylinder head having a cylindrical valve'chamber therein, with oppositely disposed rectangular enlangements of said valve chamber, and ports an passages through which communication is established between said enlar ements and the cylinder, of a cylindrical va ve mounted within the valve chamber, rectangular packing blocks mounted in said oppositely disposed enlargements of the valve chamber, and cylindrical packingnrngs bridging the joints between said ac 'ng blocks an cyl-- mder head, said pac ing rings constituting a part of the communicating passages between the cylinder and valve.

10. In an explosive en 'ue, the combina, tion with the cylinder, cy mder head having the cylindrical valve chamber thereinfhnd a transverse rectangular enlargement of said valve chamber, of a cylindrical valve located within the chamber, a rectan lar packing block in said enlargement and aving a concave face for coiiperation withthe va'lv said block being loosely supported in sai enlargement of the valve chamber in directions both transversely and longitudinally of the axis of the valve, whereby it may 0011- form to any. distortion of the valve, there being cooperating orts and passages in the; cylinder head, pac ing block and valve, respectively.

11. In an explosive en ine, the combination with the cylinder, cy mder head having a cylindrical valve chamber therein with a transverse enlargement and a passage for opening communication between the cylinder and said enlargement of the valve chamber, of ac lindrical valve mounted in the valve cham or with a clearance between the periphery of the valveand inner face of the valve chamber whereby contact between them is prevented, and a ported packing; block having a cylindrical face for- 006 ra-. tion with the valve, said packing bloc ing mounted in the enlargement of the valve chamber and taking a bearing in said chamher only at its outer edge, whereby it is permitted a limited movement transversel of the valve chamber to accommodate it'se {to irregularities in the valve face. s

12. In an explosive engine, the combination with the cylinder, cylindrical valve 1" a transverse rectangular enlargement wit a port therein in communication with the cylinder, of a cylindrical valve mounted in the valve chambr with a clearance between the periphery of the valve 1 and walls of the valve chamber whereby contact between them is prevented, a poried rectangular packing block mounted in the enlargement of the valve chamber and. hav ing a concave face for coilpcration with the valve, said block being snpportcd in the valvc chamber solely 0y bearings rcmctc from the face of the rah P, whereby :a (fl lilance is provided around said l locl; 10 gmmit of the block being IUOYWi tY'FH)" 12' with respect to the valve to aci'rcmmmin2c if regularities in the valve fun-i1.

13. In an explosive enginc tin ccmbimv tion with the cylinder. c 'fiindriczil i'nivc chamber, and c li'=:dric;il lvci of n ported packing i iork lim ng s yiinilricul face for coi pcrafimn with the waive, and :in out? Warilly 1e: 10 cylindrical packing ring extending artly into thc packing block Hill partly intn t l? cylinder casting, \vlicrclzy l flkfifle lMi-WQQII the cylinder casting and block is prevented;

14. in an explnsivc mginc 7 tion Wifh a cylinsl r and V smirk-ii valve llfl'i'll'lg a port in ii. qvliri-Jnmii wall, of a packing mcinhcr lwaru g against the cylindrical outer i'zicc sf tin vziivc, said packing member hmmq :1 3m ugc tl1"f0ll1lf0ll{ fll and an out'ivardli wpn ll" packing ringbriilg ing the join: beau-m said packing incns aw and cylindcr and filming a part 0f the firmwnnmicating passagc lwtwccn iiie vyiinricr and when 15. In in cxplosivc engine, the cmnbinw tion with a cylin-(lc zi cylindrical valve having a port in its cylinil: cal face, and a ported packing block bearing :igwinsi. the

" amnbinir ccimnuniciiting pnssagc bciwcen the port iii" he gmcking blcclcund cylinder, said ring having a frnsfn (MTllCill ontersm'facc'for Ki mining the packing block and bridging thi mnz. lflmcsn sai l packing block and cylin ilm casting,

in 21;: impicsivc cngnm, Hie combinacon Elli n. .i'lincicr. m 'inclrical vuli'c having a pom in ts w'iindrical fiicc and hacking block for cl ngs-minim with llic cynalrical face m the valve and having an clnngzifcil nm'i tiicrcin, vi a ginrzility of (y lmlziciil packing lilifIS :u-nmgvd sidc-liy side to arm pin-2's Hi the l'ililll'lzllillllltlHg msszi swa v bciwu-cn We said purl and cylinilcr .ai-.l lmstidllfl' rings cxtcniling part y inic ilic blncli :u'nl 12:; iii) inin tlic cviirrlcr cast ng, wlicrciw lmlziigc lciwcin ilic blmk dri l C"lil1ll"l' P iiiin z is p cvcni'cril 17. In in t rml cn r ustimi cnginc {lac cmnlliniitiiwn 12" inc cyiiniicr cvliniicr lac-ail having v cvliivli'iwil szili'c cliam-ibcr tlicrcin :iml twusicrsc l'itifiikgllllil' l}Ii -=igt'- merits of wi l climnim'. -wi i licaifi bcmg fornicd in swtinns with ii lim of ]);1141 tion mtcniling from ring mly nmmsim (OPEN-1% cf the iwiilllgllllil' cm; gmncnts, of 1: cylindrical valve jmirnril ll i2; ilzc chamand packing lJiUi'kS mnfincrl H; the rec iangrilwr cnlsirgcmcnts ci' tiec chamber 

